Fez, or Fès in French, is not just a city—it’s a living, breathing memory of Morocco’s rich and diverse past. Situated in the northern inland region of the country, Fez has long been considered Morocco’s spiritual and intellectual capital. Founded over 1,200 years ago, it served as the capital of various Moroccan dynasties and is still revered for its commitment to knowledge, tradition, and craftsmanship. When one thinks of old Morocco—the real, untouched Morocco—it is Fez that comes to mind first. The city is a tapestry of stories, where each building, alley, and minaret carries centuries of cultural and religious heritage.
Unlike cities that have modernized to the point of losing their essence, Fez has preserved its soul. With its narrow winding alleys, traditional souks, historic mosques, and the hum of artisans at work, Fez offers an experience unlike any other. You will not just observe the city—you will feel it. The city has two major parts: Fes el-Bali, the old medina, and Fes el-Jdid, the newer but still historic quarter. Here are ten must-see attractions and experiences to discover the true heart of Fez.
1. Fes el-Bali (The Old Medina)
Fes el-Bali is the soul of the city, the oldest part that dates back to the 9th century. Declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site, it is a maze of more than 9,000 alleys and streets. Once you enter, you’ll feel as if you’ve stepped into a time machine. There are no cars allowed in this ancient district, only donkeys and carts moving through the tight walkways, just as they have for centuries. The medina is packed with shops selling spices, leather, textiles, pottery, copper, and every type of Moroccan handicraft you can imagine.
Exploring Fes el-Bali is like walking through an open-air museum. You’ll find centuries-old mosques, schools (madrasas), fountains, and hammams. It's easy to get lost, and that's part of the magic. The deeper you wander, the more authentic your experience becomes. Stop at a tea shop, speak with the artisans, and immerse yourself in the rhythm of traditional life that still thrives within these walls.
2. Al-Qarawiyyin University and Mosque
Founded in the year 859 by Fatima al-Fihri, a visionary woman from a wealthy family, Al-Qarawiyyin is widely recognized as the world’s oldest existing and continually operating university. It began as a mosque and grew into an institution of higher learning that attracted scholars from across the Muslim world and beyond. It played a key role in shaping intellectual and scientific thought throughout Islamic history.
Although non-Muslims are not permitted to enter the prayer space, you can still admire the complex from the doorways and nearby rooftops. The structure itself is a stunning example of Islamic architecture, featuring horseshoe arches, intricate stucco, marble columns, and green-tiled roofs. Al-Qarawiyyin is not just a historical site—it remains a functioning religious and educational institution, deeply embedded in the fabric of Moroccan culture.
3. Bou Inania Madrasa
The Bou Inania Madrasa, built in the 14th century by the Marinid Sultan Abu Inan Faris, is one of the most magnificent examples of Islamic educational architecture in Morocco. This madrasa was both a school and a mosque, and unlike many others, it is open to visitors of all backgrounds. As you step inside, you are greeted by an oasis of calm, centered around a courtyard of polished marble, carved wood, and colorful zellige tiles.
The craftsmanship here is breathtaking. Every surface is a canvas—walls covered in calligraphy and geometric patterns, cedarwood ceilings sculpted with astonishing detail, and a prayer hall that radiates peace and devotion. Visiting Bou Inania is not just about beauty; it’s about understanding the deep connection between art, faith, and education that has shaped Morocco's cultural heritage.
4. Chouara Tannery
The Chouara Tannery is one of the oldest and largest tanneries in the world, and it has been in continuous operation since at least the 11th century. Located deep in the medina, it is famous for its open-air stone vats filled with natural dyes and liquids used to treat and color animal hides. The sight is incredibly photogenic: circular pits of red, yellow, blue, and brown, with workers walking barefoot through the colors, continuing a trade passed down through generations.
Yes, the smell is strong—so strong that shopkeepers often offer tourists sprigs of mint to mask it. But enduring the aroma is worth it for the rare opportunity to witness traditional leather-making in its purest form. After observing the process, you can explore nearby leather shops that sell bags, slippers, belts, and jackets—all handcrafted using techniques unchanged for centuries.
5. The Mellah (Jewish Quarter)
Fez’s Mellah, the historic Jewish quarter, was once home to a vibrant Jewish community that played an essential role in the city’s economy and culture. Located in Fes el-Jdid, the Mellah features narrow streets lined with balconied houses, distinct from the Islamic architecture elsewhere in the city. While the community today is smaller, the legacy remains rich and visible.
Visitors can explore the Aben Danan Synagogue, one of the few remaining in Morocco, with its ornate wooden ceiling and Torah ark. Nearby is the Jewish cemetery, a quiet place of reflection with white tombs stretching across the hillside. The area also includes a small but informative Jewish Museum, where you can learn more about the shared history of Muslims and Jews in Fez.
6. The Royal Palace (Dar al-Makhzen)
The Royal Palace in Fez is not open to the public, but its majestic brass doors and grand façade make it a major attraction. The entrance, with its massive carved wooden doors, colorful mosaic tiles, and symmetrical towers, is a stunning example of Moroccan royal architecture. The gate alone is worth the visit and offers incredible photo opportunities.
Even without stepping inside, the exterior tells a story of royal presence, power, and artistic mastery. It also serves as a reminder of Fez’s historical significance as a former capital. Adjacent to the palace is the Mechouar, a public square that sometimes hosts celebrations and official events.
7. Nejjarine Museum of Wooden Arts & Crafts
This fascinating museum is located inside a beautifully restored fondouk, or caravanserai, once used as lodging for traveling merchants. Today, it houses an impressive collection of wooden artifacts, including furniture, tools, musical instruments, and intricate doors. The exhibits celebrate the rich woodworking traditions of Morocco, especially from Fez’s famed artisans.
The museum not only showcases the items themselves but also provides context about their cultural and historical importance. After exploring the exhibits, visitors can head to the rooftop café to enjoy a panoramic view of the medina while sipping traditional Moroccan mint tea. It’s a perfect blend of history and relaxation.
8. Jnan Sbil Gardens
Nestled between the medina and the royal palace, the Jnan Sbil Gardens offer a tranquil escape from the hustle and bustle of city life. Originally built in the 18th century and recently restored, the gardens feature tree-lined pathways, large fountains, exotic plants, and peaceful ponds. It’s a favorite spot for families, couples, and those looking to unwind.
As you stroll through the garden, you’ll encounter locals enjoying picnics or musicians playing traditional instruments. The cool air and sound of running water provide a natural therapy for travelers who’ve spent the day navigating Fez’s crowded alleys. It’s an ideal location to recharge both body and soul.
9. Bab Boujloud (The Blue Gate)
Bab Boujloud, or the Blue Gate, is the most famous entrance to the medina and a striking example of early 20th-century Moroccan architecture. Its outer façade is decorated with blue tiles—symbolizing the city of Fez—while the inner side features green, the color of Islam. This gate serves as a visual marker between the modern city and the medieval world within.
Standing here, you’ll see a lively scene: tourists taking photos, vendors selling street food, and guides offering tours. It’s also the starting point for many walking routes through the medina. Whether day or night, Bab Boujloud is a symbol of Fez and a perfect place to begin or end your adventure.
10. Traditional Hammam Experience
One of the most authentic experiences you can have in Fez is visiting a traditional Moroccan hammam, or steam bath. These public baths have been part of Moroccan culture for centuries and serve both hygienic and social functions. In the hammam, you’ll be scrubbed, steamed, and washed using natural products like black soap and clay masks.
There are many types of hammams, from local, rustic ones used by residents to luxurious spa-like versions aimed at tourists. Whichever you choose, the experience is both cleansing and deeply cultural. It's a moment of stillness and reflection amid the energetic chaos of Fez’s streets—a perfect way to end a day of discovery.
Fez is not just a place you visit—it’s a place you feel. It speaks to your senses, your spirit, and your sense of wonder. With every step through its timeless streets, you are transported deeper into the story of Morocco itself. Whether you come for a few days or a lifetime, Fez will always leave you wanting more.